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Geography itself embraces both the whole inhabited world and also its parts, and the phenomena which are observed in the sky and on the earth, and the sea, and the rivers, and the position of the various regions and their relative size. It treats of the climates and of the celestial appearances connected with them, as well as of the plants, animals, and peculiarities of nations; and lastly, of the differences of countries as to the fertility of their soil, the manners, customs, institutions, and governments of men.

Since, then, it is the business of geography to describe the earth, and the study of the philosopher is to inquire into the causes of existing things, he who treats this subject in a becoming manner must not omit to examine carefully into every cause which may throw light upon it.